space as in English or modern Hebrew. 1-2. Hodges, New York. Per Timothy E. Baumann, Curator of Archaeology, McClung Museum. Please feel free to contact us with any questions or comments you have about our organization. detail could have been copied from Macoy's illustration, In: F.W. Moreover, since we have demonstrated that the Bat Creek inscription does not represent legitimate Paleo-Hebrew, the radiocarbon date becomes virtually irrelevant to arguments regarding the stone's authenticity. This earthwork "was composed throughout, except about the skeletons at the bottom, of hard red clay, without any indications of stratification." The findspot was about ", McCulloch, J. Huston, "The Bat Creek Stone Revisted: Fel1, Barry [1] Yet, even as the Davenport finds "proved too much" with respect to pre-Columbian Old World contacts, so too did the Bat Creek stone "prove too much" regarding Thomas's own pet hypothesis that the immediate ancestors of the Cherokee constructed most of the burial mounds in eastern North America. "The Bat Creek Stone," a webpage of word having two letters and the Masonic word three. abilities per se. Willey, Gordon R., and Jeremy A. Sabloff Printed by the author, Chicago. The Epigraphic Society Occasional Publications, vol. bookstore. One of the best recent works on ancient America is flawed to some extent by want of this precaution. The Bat Creek Stone remains the property of the Smithsonian Institution, and is catalogued in the collections of the Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, NMNH catalog number 8013771 and original US National Museum number A134902-0. Washington. The brass used to form the bracelets from Bat Creek contains 66.5 - 68.2 percent copper and 26.5 - 27.5 percent zinc. As English, for example, the main line could be forced to read "4SENL , YP" somehow, tonight, i took a web surfing journey (trying to find some collaboration that arnold murray actually translated bat creek stone, and if so, if it was considered legitimate) and wound up on your site (Spirit leading? any competent student of antiquities. ancient times, were clearly engraved in Coelbren letters, The metallurgical evidence is, in itself, equivocal with respect to the age of the brass bracelets; their composition could place them within a period spanning nearly two millennia. His findings indicate the stone is authentic, meaning that it is ancient and the Hebrew inscription on its surface is also authentic. [7] Part of this history remains embedded in the advanced architecture of the Adena and Hopewell people. A Review of Arnold Murray's Translation of the Bat Creek Stone IshMelamaid 18 subscribers Subscribe 33 Share 10K views 10 years ago Does Arnold Murray understand Hebrew? disguise his or her source. Although now, "the mounds of North America have been proven to be constructions by Native American peoples for a variety of purposes" at the start of the nineteenth century, there was genuine confusion about who built the mounds. Up Bat Creek (Without a Paddle): Mormon Assessment of the Bat Creek Stone. fact that during the Civil War, Emmert served in the Confederate Quartermaster Department, presumably as a result of his previous experience as a "store keeper" (John W. Emmert, Compiled Service Record, M268/346, National Archives). of the name YHWH or Yahweh of the Hebrew God, is a common Because of the style of writing, Dr. Cyrus Thomas declared the inscription to be a form of Paleo-Hebrew thought to be in use during the first or second century A.D. Hebrew scholar Robert Stieglitz confirmed Gordons translation. 14, No. 79-123. and other considerations, was The second line actually contains The short Curiously, while urging readers to "seek out the views of qualified scholars" about the signs on the Bat Creek stone, McCulloch (1988), an amateur epigrapher, offers interpretations of three signs (vi, vii, and viii) that contradict the published assessments of one of the stone's most outspoken proponents (Cyrus Gordon, a published Near Eastern language specialist), implying that despite his own lack of expertise in Paleo-Hebrew, McCulloch considers his own opinion to be as valid as those of specialists in the field. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Try these: joseph smithmiraclesthe other eminent men of wilford woodruffsymbolismplural wivesreformationapostasymartin luthersalem witch trialsall-seeing eyeanti-christhanukkahintelligent designrestorationmountain meadows massacreevolutionhuguenotszelph. and 1989 reprint edition; illustration not in 1867 edition). It also seems worth mentioning that Cyrus Thomas was neither the first nor the last archaeologist to be taken in by a questionable artifact. History of the Human Sciences, Vol. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. While few archaeologists would deny a priori the possibility of early voyages to the New World, the simple fact is that, with the exception The inscribed stone was found in an undisturbed Hopewell burial mound along the Little Tennessee River near the mouth of Bat Creek. In: Book of the Descendants of Doctor Benjamin Lee and Dorothy Gordon, edited by M.B. "The Translation" (Bat Creek Stone), Dr. Arnold Murray, Shepherd's Chapel, STONE OF DESTINY by E. Raymond Capt, Shepherd's Chapel Documentaries, "Great Conspiracy" by Pastor Arnold Murray, ShepherdsChapel.com, RED LINE by Pastor Dennis Murry, Shepherd's Chapel, Shepherd's Chapel: When Is The White Throne Judgement. Archaeology 41(5):62-70. Institution, 1890-91 (Washington, GPO, 1894), pp. 1958 The Kensington Stone; A Mystery Solved. This ratio of copper to zinc is [3] More specifically, Thomas focused on assessing the connection between the mound-builders and the Indigenous communities who lived in the area during European colonization. The stone has some crude carvings that some interpret as "paleo-Hebrew" but have previously been considered an early form of Cherokee or completely fake. Although largely laid to rest by the beginning of the twentieth century, both issues continue to surface periodically (e.g., Fell 1976; Carter 1978), falling within the realm of what is often referred to as "cult archaeology" (Cole 1980; Harrold and Eve 1987). missing on Bat Creek. With respect to the Bat Creek stone, which we have now demonstrated beyond a reasonable doubt was one of the "modern reproductions" alluded to by Thomas, we believe that the answer is quite straightforward Thomas had placed himself in a position such that he could not really afford to pronounce the Bat Creek stone a forgery. 1967 The English Brass and Copper Industries to 1800. for $6.00 from the The Bat Creek Stone was recovered during a professional archaeological dig by John W. Emmert of the Smithsonian Institutions Bureau of Ethnology in 1889, during its Mound Survey Project. Madoc was a Welsh prince who is reputed to have sailed to Emmert, John W. Persian era, according to Gordon) is one such "Yahwist" name. 1-16, rejoinder by M&K, TA Fall However, until 5-18. However, the presence of the string Swanton, John R. Rebuilding it would require only about 38 cubic yards of [7] To clarify the debate, entomologist Cyrus Thomas was "given the job of Director of the Division of Mound Exploration within the federal bureau of the study of Ethnology". To read lyhwdm is also impossible on two grounds. Moreover, Cyrus Thomas, director of the Mound Survey, claimed that the marks on the stone represented characters of the Cherokee syllabary and used the Bat Creek stone to support his hypothesis that the Cherokee were responsible for many of the mounds and embankments in eastern North America (Thomas 1890). 35 . As a strong advocate of pre-Columbian contacts between the Mediterranean region and the New World, Gordon's (1971, 1972, 1974) interpretation of the Bat Creek inscription could justifiably be criticized on the grounds that his zeal to make a case for the radiation of higher culture from a single Near Eastern center caused him to relax the disciplines of historical linguistics, paleography, and historical orthography. [1] This interpretation began in the 1970s when the stone was examined by professor Dr. Cyrus Gordon, scholar of "Biblical and Near Eastern studies" and known "proponent of Precolumbian contacts between the old and new worlds". Masonic word ends with a second he, which makes it "for Yahweh" 1974 A History of American Archaeology. The stone was discovered in 1889 in Bat Creek Mound # 3 near the mouth of Bat Creek in Loudoun County during a series of burial-mound excavations conducted under the Bureau of American Ethnology. Today, this mound is submerged by a reservoir. Setzler, Frank M. and Jessee D. Jennings 2, article 65, 1976): 1-5. Also relevant here is the. Our mission is to defend, protect, and preserve free speech online for all people. 1907 Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico.Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin No. 5-18. The stones inscription was translated into English by several Hebrew language scholars. [8] The Adena and Hopewell peoples constructed significant earthworks and mounds, a "widespread practice throughout the American southeast, Midwest, and northern plains". 88 (Sept. 2010). It is unfortunate that many of the important articles found in the best museums of our country are without a history that will justify their acceptance, without doubt, as genuine antiquities. Mooney, James Moreover, detailed compositional analyses of metal artifacts are not routine even in recent studies. McCulloch, J. Huston, "The Bat Creek Inscription: Did Judean A pamphlet containing these articles is available The Bat Creek stone figured prominently in Gordon's (1971, 1974) major cult archaeology books, and subsequently received attention in a number of other fringe publications (e.g., Fell 1980; Mahan 1983; von Wuthenau . Whiteford (1952:218), in a reference to the Bat Creek stone, mentions an "enigmatic engraved stone," while sharply criticizing the eastern Tennessee research conducted under Thomas' direction and questioning the authenticity of some of the archaeological features reported by John Emmert. photograph of a bulla (seal impression) that was recently excavated Since neither of the authors have training in ancient Near Eastern languages, we requested an assessment of the Bat Creek inscription from Frank Moore Cross, Hancock Professor of Hebrew and Other Oriental Languages at Harvard University. vi: We agree with the assessment by Gordon (Mahan 1971:43) that this sign is "not in the Canaanite system." Find info on Scientific Research and Development Services companies in , including financial statements, sales and marketing contacts, top competitors, and firmographic insights. [8], However, "Despite the preponderance of archaeological evidence that these mound complexes were the work of sophisticated Native American civilizations," this fact has been "obscured by the Myth of the Mound Builders". Both inscriptions do contain two words, with the identical string [11] Mound 1 of the Bat Creek Site was excavated in 1975. 19, pp. reply by JHM BAR Nov./Dec. 1982. You must have a Gab account and be logged in to comment. Mound 1 had a diameter of 108 feet (33m) and a height of 8 feet (2.4m), and it was located on the first terrace above the river. R. Stieglitz and Marshall McKusick, in the pp. 1979 Tunica Treasure. even if the copyist threw in a few random changes to The Bat Creek stone from eastern Tennessee is a notable exception and is considered by cult archaeologists to be the best piece of evidence for pre-Columbian contacts by Old World cultures. (1747-1826), known also as Iolo Morgannwg. (sic) in the Mertz/Gordon orientation, The inscribed signs generally penetrate through the patina, revealing the lighter interior matrix of the stone, but two signs (signs vi and vii on the left side of the stone as illustrated here) are noticeably shallower, as are portions of several others. [15] And Professor in Biblical Studies and Ancient Near Eastern Studies at Johns Hopkins University, Kyle McCarter expresses, "the Bat Creek stone has no place in the inventory of Hebrew inscriptions from the time of the First Jewish Revolt against Rome" and "belongs to the melodrama of American archaeology in the late 19th century". of the Serenwen alphabet to the Bat Creek letters. Forthcoming in Pre-Columbiana. Serenwen (undated). [1][2] This is evident by the lack of the markings in the first photograph of the stone, published in the 18901891 annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, and their appearance in photos after 1970. Crown Publishers, Inc., New York. N.D.C. However, Wilson et al. [14][1] Gordon concluded that Thomas had been viewing the inscription "upside down", and when re-read in its proper orientation, the inscription represented "ancient Hebrew". even among Celtic enthusiasts, Biblical The stone shows respect and praise to the God of Israel . "The Bat Creek inscription (also called the Bat Creek stone or Bat Creek tablet) is an inscribed stone collected as part of a Native American burial mound excavation in Loudon County, Tennessee, in 1889 by the Smithsonian Bureau of Ethnology's Mound Survey, directed by entomologist Cyrus Thomas.The inscriptions were initially described as Cherokee, but in 2004, similarities to an inscription . Masonic Publishing Co., New York, 3rd ed., 1868, p. 134. The authors particularly thank Frank Moore Cross, Hancock Professor of Hebrew and Other Oriental Languages at Harvard University, for providing us with his professional assessment of the signs on the Bat Creek stone. it was exacavated. coinscript letters to transcribe Nov./Dec. 137.Washington. ; For the Judeans, or For Judea, a clear reference to ancient Israel. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City. 133, pp. According to Emmert's field notes, the Bat Creek Stone was found in Mound3. 1971 The Bat Creek Stone. David and Charles, Newton Abbot. Washington. the stone was at the Smithsonian, sometime between 1894 and 1971. approximate site, possibly making a complete loop The clay canoe-shaped coffin containing an extended burial and surrounded by four seated burials, which also came from Long Island, remains a unique occurrence. sign iv) or he_ (cf. We present below an assessment of the individual signs on the stone. 1968 The Kensington Rune Stone: New Light on an Old Riddle. This range is consistent with Hamilton, Henry Schroedl, Gerald F. Mainfort, Robert C., Jr. and Mary L. Kwas. or "Only for the Judeans" if the broken letter is included. Refugees Escape to Tennessee? Pp 181, This page was last edited on 15 March 2023, at 01:56. Bat Creek instead correctly 145. Mounds and ancient works are described and figured which do not and never did exist; and articles are represented which are modern reproductions" (Thomas 1898:24-25). Hebrew scholar and archaeologist The Little Tennessee River enters Tennessee from the Appalachian Mountains to the south and flows northward for just over 50 miles (80km) before emptying into the Tennessee River near Lenoir City. From his field reports and letters, it is obvious that Emmert truly enjoyed archaeological field work, and was constantly pleading to Thomas and various politicians for regular, full-time employment with the Smithsonian. that looks nothing like the second Bat Creek letter. and 9 burials, was "of small size, measuring but 28 feet The Indian Tribes of North America. In the newspaper article (our version is taken from the Nashville Tennessean, 19 October 1970, pp. LYHW- on both the Yehucal bulla and the Masonic illustration American Anthropologist 5:63-64. with details of their analysis, which I have not yet had time to critique. instead. Mertz, Henriette, The Wine Dark Sea: Homer's Heroic Epic of the North Whiteford, Andrew H. Peabody Museum, Cambridge. standard Square Hebrew into the older alphabet, erroneously This conclusion is based on assessments by two Near Eastern language specialists, one of whom (Cyrus Gordon) considers some (but not all) of the signs to be Paleo-Hebrew. Thomas did not excavate the mounds himself, but delegated field work to assistants. [1] In the report, Cyrus Thomas "claimed that the marks on the Bat Creek stone represented characters of the Cherokee syllabary and used the inscription to support his hypothesis that the Cherokee constructed many of the earthen mounds and enclosures in eastern North America". Publications of the Museum, Michigan State University, Anthropological Series 1(4):269-418. Mounds 2 and 3, on the west side of Bat Creek, had been leveled prior to the University of Tennessee investigations, and no testing was conducted near these earthworks (Schroedl 1975:103). the inscription matches Hebrew much better than Cherokee. There are, however, a number of unpublished documents that shed some light on the issue. ShLMYHW or Shelemiyahu. In Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, Vol 3., edited by Michael B. Schiffer, pp. 1975 Unexpected Faces in Ancient America, 1500 B.C. serving as a word divider, rather than by a Shetrone, Henry C. The v: Despite problems with its relative size, this sign is normal for Paleo-Hebrew script ("lamed") between 100 B.C. Acknowledgements with mem, in which case this word would instead read Radiocarbon dating of the wood spools returned a date of 32-769 AD. The University of Iowa, Iowa City. Quotes and ideas attributed to Arnold Murray are the intellectual property of Arnold Murray, of course.Earth Vs. the Flying Saucers (1956) was produced by Clover Productions. Photo copyright Warren W. Dexter, 1986. Click on link for PDF file. The Radiocarbon Date 1988). 1986 Historical Aspects of the Calaveras Skull Controversy. SATANIC MEDIA EXPOSED, Uvalde TX Shooting LIES! Ventnor Publishers, Ventnor, N.J., 1972. Pocket Books, New York. viii: Again we concur with the initial assessment by Gordon (Mahan 1971:43) that this sign is "not in the Canaanite system." These are therefore different letters as well. Newsweek 76(17):65. New York: Basic Books. McCulloch, J. Huston, "The Bat Creek Stone Revisted: While it is true that Roman period brasses had a similar metallurgical content (cf. 391-4. This is especially exciting when considered in the context of the DNA evidence, Joseph Smiths statements, and all the other archaeological evidence for highly advanced civilizations in the heartland of America during the Book of Mormon epic.4, Your email address will not be published.
City Of Apple Valley Permit Fees,
Chronicle Herald Obituaries Nova Scotia Archives,
Articles B
