james baines clipper ship

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'''Identifier''': someshipsofclipp00stat ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&profile=default&fulltext=Search&search=insource%3A%2Fsomeshipsofclipp00stat%2F fin bookpublisher:Boston__Mass____Printed_for_the_State_Street_Trust_Company, bookcontributor:University_of_California_Libraries. These first European clippers were indeed those trading between the British Isles. This is a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional, The official position taken by the Wikimedia Foundation is that ", The Clipper Ship James Baines - one of the Black Ball Line of Australian Packets belonging to Messrs James Baines and Co, Liverpool RMG PY8547.jpg. Clippers were not completely extinct after 1870s though. Copyright Office) before January 1, 1928. Add a one-line explanation of what this file represents, James Baines - Some ships of the clipper ship era, their builders, owners, and captains; (1913) 0045 (14774296724).jpg. The original artefact or artwork has been assessed as public domain by age, and faithful reproductions of the two dimensional work are also public domain. The ladies' cabin was in the stern section (aft) as well as the captain's rooms, the gentlemen's rooms were amidships to the ship's sides. When she loaded troops for India in 1857 and was inspected by Queen Victoria at Portsmouth, the Queen remarked that she did not know she possessed such a splendid ship in her Mercantile Marine. all unframed prints are despatched within 2-4 days via courier or recorded mail. Officers promptly re-established order by harsh discipline and the journey continued in a heavy atmosphere. The Thermopylae is certainly less known than the Cutty Sark, but she was nevertheless one of the key legends of the Clippers time; Its actually her who holds the record for the fastest tea clipper in the world, winning the Golden Rooster, breaking all established records, and motivating the owner of the rival company arming the Cutty Sark to build another clipper. Hence the highly competitive nature of these trading regattas. Challenge broke the record for a return trip in 34 days, but captain Land died on board. Of course, composite or iron-built clippers became the norm. Not to be undone, old Europe made a clipper, through Scottish yard Alexander Hall and Sons, innovating with a new kind of prow, soon to be called Aberdeen clipper bow. During her short career her first voyage to Australia took her 65 days from Liverpool to Melbourne (her 'second' maiden voyage from her homeport) in 1854 and 69 days for the return passage including the famous 420 nautical miles (780km) day's run. Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. James Baines caught fire on Thursday morning, 22 April 1858 while discharging her cargo in the Huskisson Dock at Liverpool following her only voyage from India. The latter was considered unbeatable, and his record was already five years when the Challenge went to sea. It will be seen that the James Baines had her share of light breezes, and Captain Mc Donald believed that he could have made the passage in eight days with strong winds. Her maiden voyage in 12 days and six hours from 1224 September 1854 is still today an unbroken sailing ship record measured from East Boston (Boston Light) to Liverpool (Rock Light) - her homeport. On one instance, there were documented 26 dead of the 460 passengers on board of Rockhampton, when she arrived in Keppel Bay on 12 October 1863 after the 116-day voyage from Liverpool. Every framed picture is created by hand in our workshop by specialist framers. And when this ended, it went on with human cargo, immigrants to the US and South America or Australia. At Liverpool the James Baines was fitted and furnished for passengers by Messrs. James H. Beal and brother. The famous Americas Cup appeared just when this trade competition between England and the USA was at its highest. 3, directed by James Gunn, starts with talking trash panda Rocket (voiced by Bradley Cooper) quietly humming along to Radiohead's "Creep." Alan Villiers describe the opinion of most sailors as being sharp-lined, built for speed () tall-sparred and carrying the utmost spread of canvas. In 1914, the numbers of sailing ships was still very impressive. This work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 100 years or fewer. They used the western winds, from Europe to the east, via the cape of good hope, reached Australia and came back loaded with Asian goods through the pacific south and the same winds via the cape Horn to Europe. Her sail suit was made by Messrs. Porter, Mayhew & Co., Boston. Ship builder Donald McKay laid all his skills and professional experience in the construction of this passenger carrying clipper ship, small faults that had been detected by him before in the sister ships were fixed during the building of James Baines. Its black hull was embellished with a fine golden band, and ended with an eagle with spread wings, also gilded. Your email address will not be published. Update now. They influenced naval construction to this day, also allowing frigates to be faster and mixed vessels to reach good speeds while under sail, often a viable alternative to mediocre or dangerous early steam powerplants. Upon her first arrival in Liverpool a well-known Liverpool ship owner wrote to a Boston newspaper: "You want to know what professional men say about the ship James Baines? James Baines was a passenger clipper ship completely constructed of timber in the 1850s and launched on 25 July 1854 from the East Boston shipyard of the famous ship builder Donald McKay in the United States for the Black Ball Line of James Baines & Co., Liverpool. Of course the speed was showcased as an argument as tickets prices flamed up in some cases. Ironclads (1865), Assari Shevket class Ct. Ironclads (1868), Bartolomeu Dias class (28-guns) steam frigates, Dom Fernando I e Gloria (50) Sailing Frigate, Dom Joao I class (14 guns) Sailing corvettes, Amiral Baudin class barbette ships (1883), La Galissonire Cent. She made another run to Lyttelton on 29 January 1863 with 430 Government immigrants, 30 passengers. In clipper ship record 89 days, and the James Baines set the transatlantic sailing record of 12 days 6 h from Boston to Liverpool, Eng. Black, white, brown, silver, gold or natural frames available, supplied ready to hang. During her voyage of13,880 miles she averaged 200 miles a day. Not only she became famous by being the fastest of all clippers, but for her race with the Hornet in 1853, and by being commanded by a female skipper, Eleanor Creesy. I also note the following in a Liverpool account: Before the mainmast there are three gallows frames, upon which her spare boats are stowed, bottom up, and over the sides she carries quarter boats, suspended in iron davits. She reached the record-breaking speed of 21 knots in 1856 and under Captain C. McConnell made Boston-Liverpool in 12 days, 6 hours. It is blended with the cut-water, is relieved with gilded carved wood and forms a neat and appropriate ornament to the bow. She then broke the record to Liverpool, England, making the passage in 13 days 13.5 hours. [4], The company started with its 1851 purchase of the ship Marco Polo. I suspect some were last sightings. After this war, American clippers started to link with China and India, bearing some resemblance to the small and sharp-bowed British opium clippers in the 1830s. (1,280 955 pixels, file size: 895 KB, MIME type: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/, (C) National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London, UK, http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/148494. 10 for a single framed print. Opium clippers were generally smaller, such as the Ariel (1842) 100 tons OM. The line rapidly became one of the most popular lines of its time, rising to the level of its rival White Star Line. All greetings cards are supplied blank for your own message with a blank white envelope. In October 1865, she was launched for her first major crossing to China (Gravesend-Hong Kong) and returned, under the command of Captain Keay, in 79 days and 21 hours pilot to pilot, or 83 anchorage, which was already a nice feat. Copyright National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London, (Liquid error (snippets/product.ondemand line 182): divided by 0%). A few routes were profitable, notably Boston to San Francisco, and to Australia, motivating Australia to built a few clipper in turn. Companies (called in French armements) such as Bordes, in Nantes, which launched in 30 years some 230 iron tall ships, specialized in carrying coal and cereals from the United States and nitrates from Chile. all postcards are despatched within 1-3 days. It was built at G.H. In July 1857, James Baines (together with Champion of the Seas) was reviewed by Queen Victoria and the Prince Consort Albert while lying in Portsmouth. The clipper was one of the few known larger sailing ships rigged with a moonsail. They were given letters of marque but traded, used as blockade runners, and many were captured by the British. Still mentioned in the Liverpool Ship's Register of 1863 her final fate is unknown. In all, until 1855, some 144 clippers were built on the West coast. Larger, they were to went through notoriously difficult cape of good hope without too much harm and then race through the Indian ocean. Apart some exploits like the Challenger carrying almost her own construction price with her tightly packed tea and precious silks load, Clippers were least and least profitable. Appreciate any information. The Line carried on under the management of the successors of James Baines & Co., James Baines, Taylor & Co. and T. M. Mackay, Son & Co., relying on chartered ships to maintain its sailing business, but it finally ceased trading in 1871. In clipper ship The Lightning set the all-time record for a single day's sail, covering 436 nautical miles in 24 h. The Lightning and the James Baines (both launched in 1854 or 1855), as well as the Flying Cloud, were built by Donald McKay, a Canadian-born shipbuilder, at his Read More In ship: Shipping in the 19th century Griffith and officially held for a 750-ton barrel. Development of French Clippers was slower and later, mostly due to the lack of prospect for such trades. On all hands she has been praised as the most perfect sailing ship that ever entered the river Mersey." Popham painting, clipper rainbow. They were the supreme athletes of the seas, and nothing was too fine to win the ultimate race of the time: On the China tea trade route. Greetings from NewZealand On herarrival she was bought by Pilkington & Watson, agents of theWhite Star Line, for $150,000, and went into the Australiantrade. The painting is by Captain Thomas Robertson (1819?-1875? Like battlecruisers they were designed to catch up any ships or skirmish with larger ones. The freshest tea from India up to Londons docks. She sailed from Boston the 12th September, 1854. In 1853 she made another run in 105 days and later broke its own record on New York-San Francisco. Do you plan to share your transcriptions? Extraordinary social commentary as well as of course the daily sailing events. For if the ship was sublime, her crew, force-picked up in the port, consisted mainly of false sailors and unreliable rabble attracted mainly by California gold. There was yet a very young USN (13 october 1775), and alongside the famous super frigates of the USS Constitution class, Baltimore and other ports could offer privateers using Clippers. You can explore . No permission is required for reuse for any purpose. The overall traffic by the Line from England and Scotland to Queensland is estimated at 40,000 new settlers.[10]. This page was last edited on 22 July 2022, at 01:24. Launched on April 15, 1851, she inspired a poem by Henry Longfellow. Her masts called fore, main, and mizzen masts carried all in all a maximum of 43 sails as a full-rigged ship with studding sails. She returned to England with a cargo of jute, linseed, raw cowhides and rice. It was not uncommon to have 500 passengers cramped on one vessel. //fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armement_Bordes, Why conserve the Cutty Sark? North African colonies on the other hand did not required anything else than steamers, from 1830. She srarted as a packet vessel before being chartered by the Australian branch of the White Star Line (Australian packets) running to Australia from England 1854-1855 then by In 1862, she was sold on london, made new voyages to Australia-New Zealand and left Queenstown on 7 October 1863 for Auckland 8 January 1864 with 520 British colonial troops to deal with the Maori insurrection. Webb yards in New York City in an effort to dethrone the mythical Flying Cloud, which was no small feat. View original page. She won the tea race of 1856. I hope indeed this page will draw more researchers. The sailing clippers were therefore justified for carrying goods with high added value, and the buyers were ready to pay premiums and colossal fees to the first stocks arrived. Send to your friends & family, or keep them for yourself - our 320gsm postcards make great little pieces of art, either on their own or combine many cards into a single display. http://joartcountry.gallery.com Was he liked? United States. Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "ad6102dd0a4bf275f59c7562965ad155" );document.getElementById("ffd9219268").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. She was built in 1853 byText Appearing After Image:40 SOME SHIPS OF THE CLIPPER SHIP ERA George Thomas at Rockland, Me., for Secomb & Taylor of Bos-ton, and was designed by Samuel H. Pook. The fact they were very fast and made for speed whereas used for trade with the full knowledge that time was money made them the first clippers. However i cant access your page, my ip is banned apparently. The prize ? McDonnell, the first and last master of James Baines was broken-hearted following the disastrous end of his fine ship. On the second leg of her maiden voyage, she made a record passage from Honolulu, Hawaii, to New York City in 82 days. Pitts replaced him and made further trips. Thank You Helen for your appreciation ! Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}44S 106E / 44S 106E / -44; 106. Californian Clippers 0 reviews This story begins with the arrival aboard a lumber schooner of young Donald McKay at South Street Seaport in the spring of 1826. Due to the coronovirus pandemic and Brexit situation, current shipping times may be longer, particularly for destinations outside the UK. 100 tons of steel ballast were added to the hull, to perfect her stability and to compensate for her higher mast height (meaning taking more wind). They certainly made more profit on payload on less expensive goods which freshness was not an issue. Jansen. Of course the war of 1914 would cripple this fleet. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Clipper could either be likened to to clip, cut, cross quickly, or get close to an marine slang term for the pinnacle of its field, a thoroughbred of the seas as it was also associated with race horses. The stern and the bow including the cutwater were beautifully adorned with gilded carvings, the ship's hull was painted black with blue waterways and a blue underwater ship. Extreme Clippers would flourish between 1845 and 1855, before changes of regulations and more reliable steamers among others made them less profitable. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. This page is not available in other languages. Her unrivalled passage, of course, brought her prominently before the public and she has already been visited by many of the most eminent mechanics of the country. By knowing the local peculiarities of winds and reading weather, Captains were often able to take the optimal courses. Her hull was composite, with steel framing and a teak deck. They could have been originated not from the east coast but from the Bermuda sloop, made for open ocean. James Baines was not only a beautiful but also a very fast ship holding still sailing ship records as that of her first voyage from Boston to Liverpool. one of the Black Ball Line of Australian Packets belonging to Messrs James Baines & Co, Liverpool Date 6 December 1854 date QS:P571,+1854-12-06T00:00:00Z/11 Dimensions Sheet: 536 x 704 mm; Mount: 606 mm x 834 mm Notes Box Title: Sailing Ships 1854-1861. In 1866, Barned's Banking Company Ltd collapsed during the 1866 financial market crisis. Free Trade One of the 2300+ advertising sailing cards were produced, highly praised by collectioners today. He wrote not lines but pages of commentary every day at sea. I just added the photo on this article BTW. But clippers were also a way to revolutionize naval architecture, by searching for -empirically- the best hull shape and water lines. Here, from 1820 to 1870 follows the harrowing legends of half-century sailing at its very best, with the British, American and Australian clippers that made history. I RECENTLY PURCHASED A Photo framed ,of a three masted ship under full sail ,main sails stacked four high Captains usually cheated by not allowing to reduced sail, even in heavy weather. [3], The conditions on the Line's ships often were quite appalling. Founders [ edit] Three decks, a poop deck, two deck houses and a topgallant forecastle provided the accommodations for three classes of passengers and the 100 men crew whose bunks were built in the forecastle and in a deck house abaft the foremast. One yard in particular will rose to international fame: Canadian-born designer and builder Donald McKay. Any help please ,thanks, Hello Philip, must be Taeping It was indeed quite a famous Clipper, of 1863 built by Robert Steele & Company of Greenock and owned by Captain Alexander Rodger of Cellardyke, Fife. What you need is a dictionary of clippers, if ever this book exists. The British admired the ship so much during her stay in UK her hull lines were carefully drawn for the admiralty. James Baines was a very heavily sparred ship being 2,275 GRT (Gross Registered Tons), she was wide, carrying 1,400 tons of cargo in her holds, and accommodating 800 passengers and crew in her 5 decks (3 continuous decks, forecastle and poop decks). Californian-built made Liverpool-Melbourne on a regular basis and her first crossing in 63 days. 1782 tons, 60 m (196 ft) mainmast tall over deck, figurehead showing a white and gold angel. Running up Channel the wind was strong and fair and very squally, the vessel sometimes making 20 knots an hour between points. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}44S 106E / 44S 106E / -44; 106, Detailed description on www.bruzelius.info, Short ship history taken from Houghton Mifflin's "Ships of the World: An Historical Encyclopedia", The "Blackball line" with house flag on www.fotw.us, The first "Blackball Line" of New York with house flag, House flag of "Jaimes Baines & Co. (Blackball Line)" with smaller "black ball" than that of the American Blackball line house flag, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Baines_(clipper)&oldid=1142545406, 2,515 tons (2,555 tonnes) at 29ft (8.8m) draught (1.000 tons ship mass + 1.455 tons cargo & passengers' mass), 21kn (39km/h) on 17 June 1856 at 44S, 106E; best 24-hour run: 342nmi (633km) in 1854, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 01:01. She was Built at the McKay yard, East Boston, for Enoch Train (Train & Co) for $50,000, and repurchased, still on the slipway for $90,000 by Henry Walton Grinnell (Grinnell, Minturn & Co). This page was last edited on 12 April 2021, at 16:53. Chronicle (Adelaide, SA: 1895 - 1954) 14 Apr 1932, Page 54: Sailing Ship Romance, "Documents from John Bonus & Sons re the Black Ball Line (James Baines & Thomas MacKay)", "Baines & MacKay / Black Ball Line, Liverpool", "Queensland Immigration and the Black Ball Line", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Baines_%26_Co.&oldid=1121668362, Defunct shipping companies of the United Kingdom, 1871 disestablishments in the United Kingdom, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, up to 300 officers and 3000 seamen in 1860, Liverpool Black Ball Line of Australian Packets, This page was last edited on 13 November 2022, at 14:08. Her stern is rounded, and although she has a full poop deck, her after body surpasses in neatness that of any vessel her talented builder has yet produced. More on the detail below. Its interior fittings were extremely refined for a merchant ship, a freighter with current standards, with two accommodations for officers, another large room and an antechamber, 6 luxurious cabins in rosewood, panelled with carvings oak raised fine gilding. The ascent from the quarter-deck to the poop consists of two staircases, built into the front of the poop. If mathematical, chemical, physical and other formulas are not displayed correctly on this page, please useFirefox or Safari, List of people who sailed on clipper ships, Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1858, Age of Sail merchant ships of the United States, Victorian-era passenger ships of the United Kingdom, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 2,515 tons (2,555 tonnes) at 29ft (8.8m) draught (1.000 tons ship mass + 1.455 tons cargo & passengers' mass), 21kn (39km/h) on 17 June 1856 at 44S, 106E; best 24-hour run: 342nmi (633km) in 1854. The clipper was in Portsmouth to load troops bound for India, having been chartered by the British Government to transport 1,000 men of the 97th Regiment. One of the most famous clippers she was known first for her exceptional speed between New York and San Francisco, nailing one record at 89 days and 21 hours in 1851, and 1854 in 89 days 13 hours. Such ships were the Chasseur, Prince de Neufchatel and General Armstrong. Their shine lasted for just ten years but they will certainly raised the clipper as a genre, as far as possible by using sailing power. The other traditional European shipbuilders also produced some fine clippers, notably in France and the Netherlands. Please log in or create an account to save it permanently. : Printed for the State Street Trust CompanyContributing Library: University of California LibrariesDigitizing Sponsor: MSNView Book Page: Book ViewerAbout This Book: Catalog EntryView All Images: All Images From Book [9] Some of the clippers Baines was able to buy at a very low price following the Panic of 1857 and the onset of the American Civil War. She has a full poop deck, between 7 and 8 feet high, under which is the cabin for female passengers and before it a large house which contains the dining saloon and other apartments. warships and naval warfare from antiquity to this day. All structured data from the file namespace is available under the. She was launched in April 1853. Californian clippers were therefore built to rally San Francisco to New York in record times, in four month, and gradually down to 90 days as the Clippers became better and better. Composite steam clippers, arguably much slower but carrying more due to their stronger ans larger hull, proved more profitable. David. She is so strongly built, so finely finished and is so beautiful a model that even envy cannot prompt a fault against her. Her mastheads and yards are black; the lower masts, from the truss bands to the fife rails, are bright and varnished, their hoops white and the tops and down to the truss band are also white. Her mast-heads and yards were black and equipped with iron caps, the hoops on her masts were held in white as well as the deck houses and rails. The Lightning set the all-time record Read More Only 25 to 30 of these clippers were launched at a rate of around four each year worldwide. The height between each of the decks is 7 ft. By judging statistics of port-to-port liaisons, American clippers seemed at the top of this game and rule supreme. France, then far behind its partners in terms merchant tonnage (9th rank), implemented a resolute policy for promoting sail, by offering bonuses to yards, as their total absence of coal consumption made them interesting for carrying particular goods. Description: Photograph of a painting depicting the 'James Baines' at sea under full sail. Her cargo was sold and salvaged in 1874 but the wreck was burned. //fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantiers_de_la_Loire Her mast-heads and yards were black and equipped with iron caps, the hoops on her masts were held in white as well as the deck houses and rails. She sailed from Liverpool to Melbourne, Australia, onher first voyage in 69 days, 11 hours. The beautiful clipper was perhaps too finely made, fragile with a high rigging making her unstable and thus dangerous. In 1866 the Taeping won by only 12 minutes over the Ariel, and only because the captain chose the more risky trip south. This file has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. The most famous Australian clipper of that era was the James Baines (1850). Her figure-head wasa bust of her owner, James Baines, and on her stern was a globesupported by the arms of England and AmericaNote About Images, https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/14774296724/. Her remains, including the most of the undischarged cargo, were abandoned as a total loss amounting to 170,000 to her owner James Baines because the ship's insurance policy had expired three days before. It is hard to make out the name ,but it looks like The first to win earned an extra bonus of one pound per ton of precious cargo, the other down to 10 shilling. There was great hope in him and for his first crossing, it was entrusted to a celebrity of the time, Captain Robert H. Waterman, known to be the fastest on this road. The James Baines was one of four clipper ships built in 1854by Donald McKay for James Baines & Co. of Liverpool, who ranthe Black Ball Line of packets to Australia. The main-skysail mast has been lengthened and fitted with a moonsail later on. Inscribed 'The Clipper Ship James Baines one of the Black Ball Line of Australian Packets belonging to Messrs James Baines & Co, Liverpool'.Samuel Walters (artist)Original size: 536 mm x 704 mm. Charles McDonnell, late master of Marco Polo, took command of the ship. Huge, moving 2006 empty barrels, 70 meters long, its very solid hull had iron struts and was 51 cm wide at the waterline, the challenge was also the first to have three decks. Regarding her lines, stem, and bow, she was not as sharp and hollow-lined as her sister ship Lightning or as "full" as her other sister ship Champion of the Seas. He retired from naval service and died of pneumonia a few months later in his mother's cottage at Glenariff, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. Apart Opium and tea, gradually passenger transport was thought just as profitable as wealthier gents opted for adventure and exoticism by embarking at any price on these majestic tall ships. Send some art to your friends & family - for a birthday, an invitation or just because. A knight in armor wascarried as a figure-head. They were either worn out of progress made them obsolete. Namesake of James Baines was her owner James Baines of James Baines & Co. of Liverpool and Australian packets and was once described as "the most perfect ship afloat". All passenger and crew rooms were well ventilated and provided with sufficient light. James Baines (clipper) James Baines was a passenger clipper ship completely constructed of timber in the 1850s and launched on 25 July 1854 from the East Boston shipyard of the famous ship builder Donald McKay in the United States for the Black Ball Line of James Baines & Co., Liverpool. The first post-Baltimore ship, also considered as the first proper clipper was an enlarge model called Ann McKim, built in 1833 at Kennard & Williamson shipyard, displacing 494 tons OM, with a sharply raked stem, counter stern and square rig. In 1853 she was chartered by James Baines of the Black Ball Line, Liverpool for the Australia trade. Nothing was as fast, even oversailed cutters. James Baines was a passenger clipper ship completely constructed of timber in the 1850s and launched on 25 July 1854 from the East Boston shipyard of the f. The stern and the bow including the cutwater were beautifully adorned with gilded carvings, the ship's hull was painted black with blue waterways and a blue underwater ship. It was said in her time the style in which James Baines's hull was designed and built, both inside and outside, has not been surpassed or equalled, by any other ship Donald McKay has ever constructed. In the USA the first of these was the Akbar (1839), 650 tons OM, followed by the Houqua (1844), 581 tons OM, for tea. One such vessel converted to passengers and mail was the City of Adelaide, designed by William Pile of Sunderland (1864). On all hands she has been praised as the most perfect sailing ship that ever entered the river Mersey." Donald Mackay never built two ships exactly alike, and the James Baines was of slightly fuller design that the Lightning and yet sharper and longer in the bow than the Champion of the Seas. She has copper-chambered pumps, six capstans, a crab-winch on the focsle, a patent windlass, Cranes self-acting chain stoppers, a patent steering apparatus and a large variety of other improvements of the most modern kind..

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